Kshitindranath Mazumdar was born on 31 July 1891 to a Bengali family in Jagtai, a remote village in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal. Mazumdar's mother passed away during his infancy; his father, Kedarnath Mazumdar, a sub-registrar by profession, raised him by himself. His family was highly influenced by Vaishnavism, a sect of Hinduism which revolves around the worship of the Hindu deity Vishnu. Artistically inclined since childhood, Mazumdar trained in hymnody and often interpreted legends from Indian epics. As a teenager, he performed in the productions of a local theatre group owned by his father.